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Phones Set to Replace the Plastic EU Driving Licence

Gothenburg: The laminated card tucked into wallets across the continent is being quietly retired. Under the modernised driving licence directive, formally Directive (EU) 2025/2205, which the European Parliament approved on 21 October last year and which appeared in the Official Journal the following day, the standard European driving licence will become a digital credential stored in the EU Digital Identity Wallet on a mobile phone. From 2030 the digital format becomes the default, though drivers who prefer paper, lack a smartphone, or travel to countries that do not recognise the electronic version can still request a physical card.

The reform is not merely about convenience. Its architects frame it as a road safety measure, and the numbers behind that framing are grim: close to 20,000 people still die on European roads each year, a toll that has barely improved recently. To attack the problem the directive introduces an EU-wide probationary period of at least two years for newly qualified drivers, during which tougher penalties apply for offences such as drink-driving. It also creates a continent-wide framework for accompanied driving from the age of 17, letting young people build experience under supervision before driving alone.

Some of the most consequential changes concern cross-border enforcement, long the weakest link in European road policy. Until now a driver banned in one member state could often keep driving elsewhere because disqualifications did not travel across borders. The new rules require that the withdrawal, suspension or restriction of a licence be communicated to the issuing country for the most serious offences, so that a ban imposed in one state is felt across the Union. National authorities must inform each other without undue delay.

The directive also nods to labour shortages in road transport. It allows 18-year-olds to drive trucks in category C and 21-year-olds to drive buses in category D, provided they hold a certificate of professional competence, a change hauliers have long demanded as the sector struggles to recruit. Licences for cars and motorcycles will remain valid for 15 years, while truck and bus entitlements must be renewed every five, tying professional driving more tightly to periodic medical and competence checks.

Critics are not entirely reassured. Privacy advocates question how much data a phone-based credential will expose during a routine roadside check, and driver associations warn that a digital-first system risks leaving older motorists and rural residents with patchy connectivity behind. The directive tries to answer that by guaranteeing the paper option, but implementation will test the promise. Member states have until November 2028 to write the rules into national law, and the reform becomes fully applicable on 26 November 2029. Between now and then, transport ministries face the unglamorous work of building the digital plumbing, and the question of whether a licence on a screen actually saves lives will only be answered on the road.