Wageningen: The European Food Safety Authority has published the 2024 Union report on pesticide residues in food, the annual statutory exercise mandated by Article 32 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, and the numbers underline a familiar pattern with a handful of fresh stress points. Member State control laboratories analysed close to 108,000 samples drawn from the harmonised EU monitoring programme and from parallel national plans, and the headline finding is that the vast majority of samples either contained no quantifiable residue or sat well below the legally binding maximum residue levels set in the schedule of the regulation. Roughly 96 percent of the basket fell inside permitted thresholds, a band that has remained broadly stable over five reporting cycles, although the residue picture for a small number of imported food categories has continued to drift upward.
The harmonised programme this year covered apples, strawberries, peaches, wine grapes, lettuces, tomatoes, sweet peppers, beans with pods, head cabbage, dry rye, dry barley, bovine fat and chicken eggs, a basket rotated on a three-year cycle so that consumer exposure can be tracked across staple commodities. Non-compliance was concentrated in a narrow group of crops sourced from third countries, with chlorpyrifos and chlorpyrifos-methyl appearing in passion fruit and beans imported into the EU at levels that have prompted the Authority to flag the need for tighter targeted import controls under Regulation 2019/1793.
EFSA’s dietary risk assessment, the second deliverable of the report, concluded that long-term consumer exposure to the residues identified during 2024 is unlikely to pose a risk to consumer health, but the Authority did register acute exposure concerns in a small number of specific combinations involving copper compounds in spinach and dimethoate residues detected in cherries from a non-EU origin. Those combinations have been pushed into the Standing Committee on Plants, Animals, Food and Feed for follow-up under the residue revocation procedure that sits at the heart of the active-substance review pipeline managed by DG SANTE.
The report lands at a politically sensitive moment for the pesticide file. The Commission’s proposal for a revised Sustainable Use Regulation remains stalled after the previous text was withdrawn, and the withdrawal of glyphosate alternatives such as flufenacet from the approved active-substance list is forcing growers to reach for older chemistries that the residue programme has begun to detect more frequently in cereal samples. The Authority is also publishing the first public version of B-risk, the calculator that implements the 2023 bee guidance document on environmental risk assessment, a release that aims to push national authorisation regimes toward a single methodology when screening the next generation of plant protection products.
For DG AGRI, the headline percentage will be folded into the upcoming Farm to Fork implementation review, where reducing the overall use and risk of chemical pesticides remains a binding commitment that has been watered down across successive Council compromises. Industry associations, including the European Crop Protection Association, responded that the residue data confirms the regulatory system is delivering high consumer safety even as input availability narrows, while consumer and environmental groups including PAN Europe called for the Commission to use the import non-compliance figures to fast-track the third-country residue exception review on dimethoate. The Authority’s recommendations to Member State control programmes are binding feedback into the 2026 sampling plan, which is due to enter force on 1 January and which will rotate the basket toward bananas, potatoes and dry beans for the next round of harmonised monitoring.




