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Lisbon Anchors European Oceans Pact in National Maritime Roadmap

Lisbon: Portugal’s maritime authorities have spent the months since the European Oceans Pact moved from Commission communication to working agenda turning the document’s broad commitments into a national roadmap that connects fisheries policy, marine biodiversity restoration, port decarbonisation and the country’s distinctive position as the Member State with the largest exclusive economic zone in the bloc. The Pact, which the Commission published last summer as the umbrella framework for a long-promised consolidation of ocean-related legislation, does not in itself carry legal force, but the supporting Ocean Act that is now being drafted in DG MARE will translate parts of the framework into binding text by late 2026.

The Lisbon roadmap, which the secretary of state for the sea has been circulating in Brussels meetings since March, treats the Pact as an opportunity to lock in funding for three particular tracks. The first is a national contribution to Mission Restore our Ocean and Waters, the Horizon Europe research mission that is being rebadged under the Pact’s restoration pillar and that funds practical interventions from seagrass replanting in the Algarve to the rehabilitation of estuaries near Setúbal. The second is a port-electrification programme that draws on the alternative fuels infrastructure regulation and on FuelEU Maritime obligations, focusing first on Sines and Leixões. The third is an accelerated implementation of marine protected areas, where Portugal has been a Mediterranean and Atlantic outlier in setting aside large oceanic zones around the Azores and Madeira.

The political case for moving fast in Lisbon has hardened because the Ocean Act is expected to consolidate at least four existing files into a single instrument, including elements of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive, the Maritime Spatial Planning framework, parts of the Common Fisheries Policy, and the as-yet incomplete deep-sea mining moratorium discussion. Portuguese officials want their national priorities visible in the consolidation work before drafting closes, because once the legal architecture is set, the room for tailoring instruments to coastal Member States with extensive ocean footprints will narrow. The risk perceived in Lisbon is that the consolidated Ocean Act will be optimised for short coastlines and busy shipping lanes, leaving the open-ocean management questions that matter to the Azores and Madeira authorities in a secondary protocol.

Fisheries access is the most politically delicate strand. The Pact reopens, without explicitly saying so, the question of whether the Common Fisheries Policy should evolve toward a more decentralised allocation of quotas that takes regional adjacency more seriously than the current historical-shares system. Portuguese fleet representatives, who feel they have lost ground in recent quota negotiations on stocks they regard as locally adjacent, see in the Pact an opening to reset the conversation. Negotiators in Lisbon are also pushing for the Ocean Act to include explicit language on small-scale coastal fleets, which form a culturally important segment along the Portuguese coast but which are largely invisible in the bloc’s aggregate fisheries statistics.

The international dimension threads through the entire exercise. Portugal has long positioned itself as a convener on ocean diplomacy and the country has been campaigning for the next United Nations Ocean Conference cycle to underwrite some of the Pact’s external commitments, including the ratification push for the High Seas Treaty. The Commission’s external action service is treating the Ocean Act as a vehicle that should make European positions credible in those forums, and Portuguese officials have been arguing that the Act’s international chapter should be sharper than current drafts suggest. The window for that argument is narrow. Council working group discussions are now scheduled through the autumn, and a Commission college decision on the Ocean Act text is pencilled in for November. For Lisbon, the next six months are the moment when a generation of ocean diplomacy translates into a binding European framework, or doesn’t.