Vienna: Nearly all of Europe’s swimming spots are safe to bathe in, the European Environment Agency reported, but its latest survey of bathing water shows inland rivers and lakes still lagging well behind the coast.
The assessment covered more than 22,200 monitored sites across the Union, Albania and Switzerland during the 2025 season. Some 85 percent earned the top rating of excellent, and 96 percent met at least the minimum standard of the bloc’s bathing water rules. Only 1.5 percent of sites fell into the poor category, a share that has stayed low for years thanks to decades of investment in sewage treatment.
The gap between salt and fresh water stands out. Around 88 percent of coastal sites reached excellent quality, against roughly 78 percent inland. Rivers and lakes collect run-off from farms and towns more readily than open coasts, and heavy rain can wash bacteria into them faster than the water clears. Several member states, among them Austria, Bulgaria, Cyprus and Greece, rated 95 percent or more of their sites excellent.
The European Environment Agency tests mainly for two kinds of bacteria that signal contamination from sewage or animal waste. Those measures capture the classic health risk of a day at the beach, namely stomach and skin infections, and they let authorities close a site quickly when readings spike after a storm.
The rules behind the ratings are about to tighten. Updated EU standards on water pollutants, adopted in May, expand what regulators must watch for, adding emerging contaminants such as forever chemicals, microplastics and traces of pharmaceuticals. Those substances slip through older treatment plants and raise questions the current bacterial tests cannot answer.
That shift will make the headline figures harder to keep so high. A beach can score excellent on bacteria yet still carry chemical residues that only newer monitoring reveals. Environment groups argue the change is overdue, because bathers deserve to know about pollutants that build up in the body over time, not just the ones that cause a quick illness.
Cleaner water also depends on what happens upstream. Restoring wetlands, curbing fertiliser run-off and upgrading treatment works all feed into the quality that swimmers eventually enjoy. The agency frames its yearly report as a check on that long effort, a reminder that the sparkling coast of summer rests on unglamorous plumbing and steady rules.
For this season the message to holidaymakers is simple enough. Most European water is safe, the coast is safer than the river, and the local notice board still deserves a glance before the first swim.




