Bologna: The city that gave its name to Europe’s harmonised degree system has watched wave after wave of students pass through on exchange, and it remains a fitting vantage point from which to judge the Union’s flagship education programme. Erasmus+ has reopened for a new cycle with a call for proposals worth around 5.2 billion euros, and with a noticeably sharper emphasis on the skills its designers think the coming decade will demand.
The headline figure funds the familiar machinery of mobility: students studying abroad, apprentices training in another member state, teachers and youth workers spending time in foreign classrooms. But the 2026 programme guide leans hard into digital and, increasingly, artificial-intelligence competences. Teacher-training catalogues now offer dozens of week-long courses on integrating AI tools into lessons, and a growing strand of the offer helps educators understand what the Union’s AI Act expects of schools that deploy such tools with minors. The message from the Commission is that Europe cannot preach digital sovereignty while its classrooms treat new technology as an afterthought.
That ambition sits alongside older anxieties the programme has never fully resolved. Erasmus has long been criticised as socially skewed, its opportunities taken up disproportionately by students who already possess the confidence, language skills and family resources to spend a semester abroad. Successive cycles have promised to widen access with top-up grants for those from poorer households, rural areas or with disabilities, and the current call repeats those commitments. Whether they change the composition of participants, rather than merely the rhetoric around them, is a question campaigners continue to press.
There is also the matter of what comes next. The programme now runs against the backdrop of negotiations over the Union’s long-term budget, where education must compete for space with defence, competitiveness and cohesion. Advocates worry that a squeeze on discretionary spending could leave Erasmus fighting to protect the real value of its budget against inflation, even as demand for places keeps climbing. The Teacher Academies strand, aimed at building durable networks of training institutions, is due for a fresh call later in the year, and its scale will offer an early signal of the Union’s appetite.
For all the debate over money and access, the programme’s quieter achievement is harder to quantify. Decades of exchanges have knitted together a generation of Europeans who studied, argued and occasionally fell in love across borders, and who tend to regard the continent as a single space rather than a collection of foreign countries. That soft integration rarely makes headlines, but it is arguably the return the Union values most.
The new call runs its usual seasonal course, with deadlines stretching across the year and results filtering back to campuses like Bologna’s by the autumn. The budget is larger and the technology newer, but the underlying bet is the one Erasmus has always made: that a young person changed by a year abroad changes something in Europe too.




