Brussels: The European Commission has placed a sharp rise in tobacco tax at the heart of its health agenda, proposing on 16 July 2025 to lift the EU minimum excise duty on cigarettes from €90 to €215 per 1,000 sticks, a recast now working its way through the Council in mid-2026.
The overhaul recasts the two-decade-old Tobacco Taxation Directive. Wopke Hoekstra, the Commissioner for Climate Action and Taxation, argues that the current floor no longer reflects prices, inflation or the products people actually buy, and that a higher tobacco tax is central to Europe’s Beating Cancer Plan.
The headline change is steep. The Commission wants the minimum cigarette duty to more than double, while the rate expressed as a share of the weighted average retail price would climb from 60 percent to 63 percent. Minimum rates would then be revised every three years to track inflation and narrow the wide gaps between member states.
Just as significant is the widening scope. For the first time the directive would tax e-cigarettes, heated tobacco and nicotine pouches, products that have surged in popularity but sit largely outside the EU excise framework. Brussels frames the move as both a health measure and a way to close a loophole exploited across the single market.
Hoekstra tied the reform directly to protecting younger consumers.
This makes so much sense from a public health perspective, because these new nicotine products are highly addictive, especially for teenagers and kids.
The Commission expects the package to raise money as well as cut consumption. Officials estimate the reform could generate around €15 billion in extra annual revenue across the bloc and save close to €6 billion a year in healthcare costs linked to smoking-related disease.
The key figures set out by the Commission include:
- Minimum cigarette duty rising from €90 to €215 per 1,000 cigarettes.
- Minimum share of the weighted average retail price up from 60 to 63 percent.
- New minimum taxes on e-cigarettes, heated tobacco and nicotine pouches.
- Rates reviewed every three years, with the rules applying from 2028.
- A four-year transition for certain products to ease the shift.
The politics are harder than the arithmetic. Taxation files require unanimity in the Council, so a single capital can stall the plan. The Danish Presidency prepared a first compromise text for ministers in December 2025, and talks have continued through 2026, with lower-price and higher-price member states pulling in opposite directions.
Industry groups and some governments warn that a rapid rise in duty could fuel illicit trade and cross-border shopping, shifting sales to the black market rather than cutting them. The Commission counters that a coordinated floor reduces exactly the price gaps that smugglers exploit, and it points to the health savings as the decisive gain.
The reform also carries a longer-term ambition. Europe’s Beating Cancer Plan targets a smoking rate below five percent by 2040, down from roughly a quarter of adults today, and the Commission treats fiscal policy as one of its sharpest tools for getting there. Full details of the recast appear in the Commission announcement and the underlying legislative proposal.
For now the file sits with finance ministers, whose decisions in the coming months will determine how quickly, and how evenly, Europe’s smokers feel the new tobacco tax. Progress can be tracked through the Parliament’s legislative train file.




