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Asylum Claims Fall Sharply as Europe Readies Its New Migration Pact

Valletta: When Malta’s caseworkers open their files this summer, they face a lighter load than a year ago. The European Union Agency for Asylum reported that asylum applications across the bloc fell in 2025, easing pressure on systems that had strained for years.

The agency’s annual report tracks the operational picture across the EU plus Norway, Switzerland, Iceland and Liechtenstein. It credited the drop partly to a collapse in Syrian claims, which fell by 72% after upheaval in Damascus prompted many national authorities to suspend decisions and wait for the dust to settle.

Ukraine still shapes the wider protection map. Around 4.5 million people displaced by Russia’s invasion hold temporary protection in the Union, a status that sits outside the ordinary asylum queue but stretches the same housing, schooling and welfare services.

2025 was, above all, a year of preparation. National governments spent it rewiring procedures for the Pact on Migration and Asylum, the sweeping overhaul that takes force in 2026. Officials built new information systems, trained staff and worked to clear backlogs before the tougher timelines bite.

One early piece of the Pact already stands. In February the Union adopted its first common list of safe countries of origin, a tool that lets governments fast-track claims from applicants who are statistically unlikely to qualify. Supporters say it frees capacity for genuine refugees. Critics warn that blanket labels risk unfair rejections. The agency set out the detail in its Asylum Report 2026.

The agency cautioned against reading a single year as a trend. Conflicts still churn across several regions, and a sudden shift in any one of them can reverse the numbers within months. Smuggling networks also adapt quickly, redirecting routes when one border tightens.

Frontline states remain wary. Malta, Greece, Italy and Cyprus absorb a disproportionate share of sea arrivals, and they want the Pact’s solidarity mechanism to deliver real relief rather than paperwork. Whether the new rules share the burden fairly will decide how the next report reads.

The report also charts where people arrive and how fast their claims move. Recognition rates vary widely between countries even for applicants of the same nationality, a gap the Pact aims to narrow through common procedures. Long waits remain the norm in several states, and the agency warned that a backlog cleared on paper can rebuild quickly once arrivals tick up again.

For now, the caseload has thinned. The harder question is whether Europe can hold that calm once the Pact’s machinery finally switches on.