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Three Numbers Separate Parliament and the Council on Erasmus

Negotiators reopening the Erasmus+ file this autumn will find the same programme described by three incompatible price tags. The Commission wants 40.8 billion euros for the 2028 to 2034 cycle. University associations say the work already promised cannot be delivered under 60 billion. The European Parliament has asked for 75 billion. Nobody disputes what the programme does. Everybody disputes what it costs.

The Commission’s figure looks generous read on its own. It lifts the envelope from the 26.2 billion euros allocated for 2021 to 2027, an increase of roughly 57 percent, and the institution has presented that jump as proof that mobility survived a brutal round of budget triage. Rectors read the same number differently. Inflation across the seven-year window absorbs a large share of the nominal rise, participation targets have widened to cover vocational learners and school staff, and the grant per participant has been thinning for years in exactly the cities where students most need it.

That is the argument behind the 60 billion figure. The League of European Research Universities and the European University Association set out their case in a joint statement responding to the Parliament’s draft report, arguing that a 47 percent uplift on the Commission proposal represents maintenance rather than ambition. Their point is narrow and hard to dismiss: a mobility grant that fails to cover rent in Amsterdam or Dublin functions as a subsidy for students whose families can top it up.

Bogdan Zdrojewski, the centre-right Polish member steering the file through the culture committee, presented his draft report on 3 June. He has done something the Commission text avoided, which is to fix minimum shares. Education and training would be guaranteed 73.4 percent of the envelope, with higher education alone earmarked at 34.6 percent. Youth and volunteering would take 14.2 percent and sport 4.1 percent. Those percentages are the real negotiating instrument, because they bind proportions even before anyone agrees the total.

Governments have moved in the opposite direction. The Council agreed a partial negotiating position on 11 May that deliberately carves out financial and horizontal questions, parking them with the wider multiannual financial framework talks. Ministers can therefore negotiate the shape of Erasmus+ for months without conceding a euro. Capitals defend the sequencing as basic budget discipline, since no sectoral programme should pre-empt the ceiling. Parliament reads it as leverage, and it is not wrong.

The consequence is a negotiation running backwards. Committee members are locking in percentage floors for higher education and sport while the denominator remains unknown. If finance ministers eventually settle near the Commission figure, a 34.6 percent higher education earmark protects roughly 14 billion euros. If the Parliament somehow wins its case, the same percentage protects 26 billion. Identical text, radically different programme.

There is a defensible case for the Commission’s restraint that critics tend to skip. Defence, enlargement costs and debt service on the recovery instrument all press on the same ceiling, and every sectoral lobby in the capital arrives with a similar chart showing why its own line deserves protection. A 57 percent nominal rise for a programme with no security dimension is not obviously a defeat.

What the file will actually test is whether earmarking survives contact with the budget endgame. Ministers dislike fixed shares because they remove flexibility during a crisis, and the last cycle proved how often crises arrive. Trilogues resume in the autumn, and the number that decides Erasmus+ will be settled somewhere else entirely, in a room where education ministers are not the ones talking.