The most ambitious rewrite of the Union’s value-added-tax system in a generation is beginning to touch national statute books, and two countries have moved ahead of the pack. In late June, Spain’s government approved a bill implementing the first stage of the VAT in the Digital Age package, days after Lithuania adopted its own transposing law. They are early movers in a reform that will be phased in gradually until 2035, and their pace offers a first read on how smoothly, or otherwise, the rest of the bloc will follow.
Known by its shorthand, ViDA, the package was formally adopted in March 2025 after years of negotiation and rests on three pillars. The first makes electronic invoicing the default and introduces near real-time digital reporting for cross-border trade, the mechanism policymakers hope will finally shrink the Union’s stubborn VAT gap, the difference between tax owed and tax collected, much of it lost to fraud. The second pillar drags the platform economy into the net, making online marketplaces for short-term accommodation and passenger transport responsible, under a deemed-supplier rule, for collecting the tax their users often failed to remit. The third extends single VAT registration, widening the One Stop Shop so a business selling across borders need not register separately in every market it reaches.
The sequencing is deliberately slow, a concession to the scale of what is being asked of tax administrations and companies alike. Minor clarifications to the One Stop Shop and its import counterpart take effect from January 2027. The heavier lifting comes in July 2028, when the platform rules and the single-registration reforms begin, followed by mandatory digital reporting for cross-border business transactions in July 2030, and a final alignment deadline of January 2035 for member states that already run their own real-time reporting systems. Spread over nearly a decade, the calendar gives governments room to build the technical plumbing without the disruption a big-bang launch would bring.
For businesses the implications are substantial and unevenly distributed. Firms that trade across several member states stand to gain the most from single registration, shedding the administrative thicket of multiple filings. Those unprepared for mandatory e-invoicing face a harder adjustment, particularly smaller companies that still issue paper or PDF invoices and will need to adopt structured electronic formats that machines, and tax authorities, can read automatically. The platform provisions redraw the commercial relationship between marketplaces and the hosts and drivers who use them, shifting a collection burden that will ripple into pricing.
What Spain and Lithuania demonstrate is that the reform has left the realm of Brussels communiqués and entered the messier world of national implementation, where directives meet parliamentary drafting, existing tax codes and the practical limits of revenue-agency IT. Getting the sequencing right at home matters as much as the text agreed centrally, because a reform designed to harmonise can just as easily fragment if member states interpret and time their transposition differently.
The prize, if it works, is a VAT system better suited to an economy of instant cross-border commerce and digital platforms than one built for an age of paper ledgers. The risk is a decade of transition in which businesses navigate overlapping old and new rules, and in which the promised reduction in fraud materialises only if every member state pulls in the same direction. The early movers have set a marker; the rest of the Union now has to keep up.




